影响湿法超声机械镀锌层性能的因素

湿法超声机械镀是一种基于超声加工的特种加工方法,该方法利用超声频电振荡信号产生的机械振动进行机械镀,可获得优良的镀层,镀层的耐腐蚀性较好。为了探究影响湿法超声机械镀镀锌层性能的因素,从锌粉粒径、冲击介质以及强化时间三因素进行实验研究。结果表明,随着锌粉粒径的减小,镀锌层的致密性、耐腐蚀性显著增加;随着玻璃珠尺寸的减小,镀锌层表面的粗糙度降低,致密性比较好;随着强化时间的增加,镀层表面质量提高,耐腐蚀性好。     

硫脲基松香咪唑啉季铵盐 的合成、性能及缓蚀机理

以松香、二乙烯三胺、3-氯-2-羟基丙烷磺酸钠和硫脲为主剂合成了硫脲基松香咪唑啉季铵盐,对其结构进行了红外和核磁(~(13)CNMR)表征。通过静态失重法和电化学方法考察了硫脲基松香咪唑啉季铵盐在酸性介质中的缓蚀性能,结合成膜理论以及缓蚀剂的分子结构,对自制缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理做出了解释。结果表明:303 K下,在质量分数为15%的盐酸介质中加入占盐酸质量0.4%的硫脲基松香咪唑啉季铵盐,其缓蚀率可达90.81%;自制缓蚀剂吸附在碳钢表面形成吸附膜,从而起到缓蚀作用。     

钢铁发黑磷化工艺

为了获得装饰性、耐蚀性及外观符合要求的发黑磷化膜,采用开路电位-时间曲线、交流阻抗曲线、极化曲线、扫描电子显微镜、宏观描述等方法,对钢铁发黑磷化工艺中的温度、时间、游离酸度、总酸度、促进剂、配位剂、硫酸铜、钼酸钠、磷酸二氢锰等因素进行了研究。结果表明:在适宜的发黑磷化液配方和操作条件下,能够得到晶体数量多、晶体尺寸适中、缝隙小、平整致密、结合力和耐蚀性好的发黑磷化膜。发黑磷化液稳定,寿命长,沉渣少。     

Phase structure and electrochemical performance of layered-spinel integrated LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2-LiMn1.9Al0.1O4 composite cathodes for lithium ion batteries

In recent years, multi-component integrated composite cathodes for lithium ion batteries have attracted considerable attention. In this work, novel layered-spinel integrated cathode materials of (1−x)LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂-xLiMn_1.9Al_0.1O₄ were synthesized by a sol-gel method, and their phase structures, morphologies and electrochemical performance were investigated. The crystal structure of the (1−x)LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂-xLiMn_1.9Al_0.1O₄ is changed from layered to spinel structure with increasing x. All the samples exhibit nanoscale grains with the minimum grain size of ~130 nm when x = 0.5. The composite electrode with x = 0.5 exhibits the optimal discharge capacity, presenting a large initial discharge capacity of 236 mAh g⁻¹ at the current density of 20 mA g⁻¹. Good rate capability is also obtained at the composite electrode with x = 0.5 where the electrode displays the relatively high discharge capacity of 64.9 mAh g⁻¹ at the high rate of 5 C. The improved electrochemical performance is related to the introduction of spinel structure into layered structure and small grain size. The spinel structure can stabilize the layered structure, which leads to the improvement in the electrochemical performance of the composites; and the small grain size in the sample with x = 0.5 provides short lithium ion diffusion way and thus enhances the electrochemical performance.     

Facile corrosion synthesis and sintering of disperse pure tetragonal zirconia nanoparticles

Disperse pure tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO₂) nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm are essential for preparation of structural and functional zirconia materials, but syntheses of t-ZrO₂ nanoparticles using inorganic zirconium salts usually result in severe agglomeration. In this paper, we report a hydrothermal corrosion approach for improving the dispersity of t-ZrO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by precipitation using zirconium oxychloride without any surfactants. Disperse pure t-ZrO₂ nanoparticles with average sizes of 4.5 and 6 nm and size distributions of 2–11 and 3–12 nm were obtained by calcining precipitates at 400 °C for 2 h and 500 °C for 0.5 h followed by HCl corrosion at 120 °C for 75 h, respectively. Disperse t-ZrO₂ nanoparticles with an average size of 6 nm and a size distribution of 3–12 nm were pressed into green compacts at 500 MPa and sintered by two-step sintering (heating to 1150 °C without hold and decreasing to 1000 °C with a 10 h hold). The sintered bodies are dense pure monoclinic ZrO₂ nanocrystalline ceramic with a relative density of 99.9% and an average grain size of 110 nm.     

Influence of FeO/SiO2 and CaO/SiO2 Ratios in Iron‐Saturated ZnO‐Rich Fayalite Slags on the Corrosion of MgO

The corrosion behavior of MgO in iron‐saturated ZnO‐rich fayalite (ZFS) slags having various FeO/SiO₂ ratio and CaO/SiO₂ ratio was investigated using MgO crucible tests for 12 h at 1200°C. The FeO/SiO₂ and CaO/SiO₂ ratios in the ZFS slags were varied from 1.0 to 2.2, and from 0.04 to 0.32, respectively. In all of the tests, it was observed that MgO dissolves into ZFS slags and that (Zn,Fe,Mg)₂SiO₄ olivine and (Zn,Fe,Mg)O solid solution are formed at the crucible/slag interface. The MgO dissolution decreased with the FeO/SiO₂ ratio up to a value of 1.7 and then slightly increased, whereas it continuously increased with the CaO/SiO₂ ratio. There is no obvious relationship between the amount of olivine and the FeO/SiO₂ ratio or CaO/SiO₂ ratio. In comparison, the formation of (Zn,Fe,Mg)O solid solution is enhanced by increasing the FeO/SiO₂ ratio or CaO/SiO₂ ratio in ZFS slags. The results suggest that MgO corrosion is the lowest for FeO/SiO₂ and CaO/SiO₂ ratios around 1.7 and 0, respectively.     

硫化氢环境中压力容器用钢腐蚀研究现状与进展

简要综述了压力容器用钢在湿硫化氢环境中腐蚀研究现状。从材料和环境因素两方面探讨了压力容器钢发生腐蚀的影响因素和腐蚀研究方法。对压力容器钢的硫化氢腐蚀研究方向提出了看法和建议。进一步研究硫化氢腐蚀机理与最初裂纹的生成位置。     

高温高压动态腐蚀速率及阴离子浓度影响研究

中东地区伊拉克新投产的H油田地表水资源有限,急需研究注海水工程配套技术,因此海水对注水管柱的腐蚀速率显得至关重要。以H油田注水系统环节涉及的6种挂片(碳合金、35Cr Mo、N80、L80、80ss、90s)为研究对象,以高温高压动态腐蚀仪为技术手段,研究了高温高压及离子浓度变化条件下的动态腐蚀速率情况,研究表明,碳合金、35Cr MO和N80属于尚耐蚀型材料,L80、80ss和90s属于完全耐蚀型材料,从技术经济较大考虑推荐L80和80ss管材。Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)和HCO_3~-浓度对腐蚀速率影响主次顺序为:Cl-HCO_3~-SO_4~(2-)。     

占空比对Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层成分及耐蚀性的影响

采用脉冲电沉积方法在黄铜基体上制备出纳米晶Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层,并研究了占空比对其成分及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:当占空比为50%时,制备的Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层成分稳定,其中Cr的质量分数达到37.4%;晶粒尺寸约为12.6nm;在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位约为-200mV,自腐蚀电流密度约为0.27μA/cm2,电荷转移电阻约为12 000Ω/cm2,耐蚀性最好。     

AZ31B镁合金复合镀镍层的制备及其耐蚀性研究

在AZ31B镁合金表面以化学镀镍/电镀镍两步法制备了复合镀镍层。采用SEM、XRD、划痕仪、电化学方法对复合镀镍层的微观形貌、成分、晶体结构、结合力、耐蚀性等进行了表征。结果表明:复合镀镍层结构致密、表面光亮、没有明显缺陷,与基体之间具有良好的结合力,且比单一化学镀镍层具有更好的耐蚀性。